Multiple Intelligences by Howard Gardner (1985)

 

One way to learn about our students is by considering the multiple intelligences, a term first coined by Howard Gardner (1985), a professor of graduate education at Harvard University. Gardner, while examining the nature of intelligence and alternate ways of thinking about it, discovered that intelligence is largely defined by one’s culture and that the array of human learning styles and intelligences can be broken into categories described briefly as follows:

• Verbal/linguistic (V/L): 

reading, vocabulary, and verbal communication skills such as storytelling, humor, jokes, and verbal debate


• Visual/spatial (V/S): 

guided imagery, drawing, painting, mind map-ping, pictures, and other visual aids


• Bodily/kinesthetic (B/K): 

movement and hands-on activities such as experiments, dance, gestures, role playing, field trips, games, and sports


• Logical/mathematical (L/M): 

calculations, abstract symbols, num-ber sequences, codes, problem solving, and patterns


• Musical/rhythmic (M/R): 

song, rhythmic patterns, music, vocal tones, and environmental sounds


• Interpersonal/social (I/S): 

collaboration, interaction, and communication


• Intrapersonal (I): 

reflection, introspection, strategic thinking, focused concentration, and working independently


• Naturalist (N): 

sensitivity to environment, ability to use sensory input from nature to survive

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